Synthesis of a New Potential Herbicide

Combination of a New Potential Herbicide Section 1 Presentation Foundation of Study Since the start of the world, each animal on the planet devours food so as to endure. They ingest animals in the ocean, creatures on the ground, or even vegetables on the land. In the days of yore, the vegetables that humankind admission is without including of engineered synthetics or at the end of the day it is natural. The reason for including synthetic compounds during the vegetation procedure in this time of modernisation is to beaten bothersome circumstance like expel undesirable plants and wiping out bug. These concoction is known as pesticides. Pesticide is characterized as substance utilized for plant self destruction. By and large, pesticide can be independent into four classes. There are bug spray, herbicide, fungicide and bactericides. Pesticides have cause contamination to the earth. It likewise has an effect towards creatures, plant and humankind. Pesticide is a kind of tenacious natural contamination to the earth since it is difficult to corrupt. The physical properties have refused corruption to happen. Instances of pesticide are paraquat, diquat, and DDT (Hafiza, 2014). So as to create food in high return, weed control is utilized. It is to guarantee the food produce is efficient recipient. The most widely recognized weed control utilized is by the utilization of herbicide. It was on the grounds that herbicide is anything but difficult to utilize and it is proficient (Lodovichi et. al., 2013; Pannell et al.,2004; Parsons et al., 2009). Herbicide can be classified. Regularly herbicide is ordered dependent on method of activity. The herbicide typically work dependent on hindrance of catalyst or repress mitosis to happen (Fujiwara, 2014). Humankind need to deliver more food. It was on the grounds that the total populace will ascend to 9.6 billion individuals (Fujiwara, 2014). The food humanity need is going to increment since everybody need food. However, there are still starvation going on in this period of thousand years. Just in Africa alone there are in excess of 18,000 individuals are starving. Because of food lack, a large portion of the youngsters kick the bucket before them coming to at 5 years old (Missionaries of Africa, n.d). The need of food have cause human to utilize herbicide broadly. The broad utilization of a solitary herbicide had cause the weed in the field to be herbicide safe. Herbicide safe in weed will cause a few ramifications. It will make the need change a pristine weed and yield the executives framework, cost incapable in weed the board, diminish in herbicide decision and low efficiency of harvest (WSSA, 2011). In this way, humanity need to deliver more nourishment for the age to come. However, a less expensive pesticide is requirement for weed control. Be that as it may, the utilized of pesticide can modify the quality of weed and it will oppose toward the herbicide and another herbicide is required. The extent of study is union a herbicide. The herbicide is a subordinate from benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone and phenyl hydrazine. The combination of the subordinates it will at that point be test with flimsy layer chromatography (TLC). After, it will isolate by utilizing a silica section. At that point, it is tried with atomic attractive reverberation (NMR) to auxiliary affirmation. Finally however not the least, the incorporated structure is exposed to herbicide bioassay test. Noteworthy of Study The noteworthy of the investigation is to union another likely herbicide. The union of the potential herbicide is to permit another herbicide to be cultivated in the market with new method of activity. The last development of herbicide is at 1980’s (WSSA, 2011). The majority of the scientists have passage see the future and blend a great deal of spic and span innovation in a ton of territory. In any case, the critical improvement of another herbicide to upgrade food profitability and quality had been a worry. Herbicide safe had been a genuine issue to the world as it will influence food efficiency. In across the country, there are roughly 80% of herbicide safe yield due to widely utilization of a solitary sort of herbicide. In side of these 80% herbicide safe harvest there are over 90% were glyphosate safe while the rest of the rates glufosinate safe (Duke,2014). Hence, the desire of amalgamation another herbicide is expected to permit progressively decision of herbicide. In an end, the need to build up another herbicide is required. It is to beaten the issue of expanding need of food, to determine starvation in Africa and improve food quality. Target of Study The Objective of study is as beneath: To integrated benzyldehyde, cyclohexanone, and phenyl hydrazine subordinates as possible herbicide To build up another herbicide to determine the issue of herbicide safe To portray benzyldehyde, cyclohexanone and phenyl hydrazine subsidiaries To beat the issue of herbicide opposition Section 2 Writing REVIEW 2.1 Pesticide Human have the best brain of all among creature go from microorganisms to the biggest creature on the planet. Human is imaginative. Humankind likes to take care of issue. When there is a difficult humanity will in general discover the approaches to determine the issues. For instance, there is a types of nuisance in the house and human use pesticide to dispense with it. Pesticide isn't something stylish in this period. It have been utilized since century prior and the creature that humanity name as irritation can be murder by utilizing pesticide. The historical backdrop of pesticide can old Romans lived. In that time of time, sulfur is singed to take out creepy crawly bug and weed is constrained by utilizing salt. Later at the sixteenth century, the subterranean insect which humankind name as bug is murdered by utilizing the blend nectar and arsenic blend. In the 16 century likewise, the Chinese uses nicotine to control plum curculio(Hassall, 1990). At that point, human in the nineteenth century attempt to build up a viable pesticide. To control bother the rancher in the field in that century utilized sulfur, copper acetoarsenite, nicotine sulfate and calcium arsenate as pesticide. Notwithstanding, the impacts are not so successful (John, 2010). There a great deal of synthetics was present at post-world war II. The synthetic concoctions included BHC, aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, DDT, and 2,4 D (Muir, 2012). These synthetic concoctions use generally in that time. DDT is utilized as pesticide in light of modest, high viable and low toxicology (John, 2010). Where 2,4-D(agent orange) is being utilized as a herbicide because of economical, high successful and simple to apply. Be that as it may, pesticide have cost a great deal of issue across the country. During the world war II America utilized this herbicide, bio-chemical defoliants to assault Vietnam. In 1960’s, there is a book named slient spring whom writer name Racheal Carson have raise the awerenes toward the utilization of herbicide. In the book of quiet spring, the writer clarifies the bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications through the natural way of life. Pesticide can be arranged into numerous classes. These included acaricide, antimicrobial, attractant, avicide, fungicide, herbicide, bug spray, molluscicide, nematicide, piscicide, repellent, redenticide, and synergist. Distinctive kind of herbicide will target diverse sort of nuisance gathering (Delaplane, 1996). Chart 1, Types of pesticide and it’s target gathering. Embraced from, Delaplane, K.S. in pesticide use in the US: history, advantages, dangers and patterns The utilization of pesticide is wide. It very well may be use in horticulture, general wellbeing, industry, family, individual application and material structure. Utilization of pesticide in India Graph 2, utilization of pesticide in India Receive from, Gupta, P.K.(2004), Pesticide Exposure-Indian scene 2.1.1 Role of Pesticide in Agiculture The generally utilized of pesticide has cause a few advantages to the country just as world. It was on the grounds that the yield creation yearly will drop when pesticide isn't utilized. One examination had been done that when pesticide is boycott, the yield creation in United State alone will drop 73 percent. The diminishing in the yield creation of groundnuts, cotton and soybeans will prompt insecurity of harvest. Simultaneously, the reduction in crop creation will influence the cost of food and the starvation on the planet will build (Delaplane, 1996; Knutson et.al., 1990). It was on the grounds that increments in food crop creation, pesticide is use in the majority of the created nations. The expansion of food crop creation is just in light of the fact that the safe for plant to develop is limited. Weed development, creepy crawly assault and parasites can influence the supplement accessibility in the earth. By utilizing pesticide, control of weed, bug and growths should be possible. In this way increment supplements accessibility in the dirt and it could augmented the condition for yield to develop (Hassall, 1980). 2.1.2 Effect of Pesticide Since the start of development, human need to enchanced their day to day environment. The enchancement of living included increment food creation. The expansion of food creation can be enchanced by the utilized of pesticide. Nonetheless, pesticide has cause major issue (Gupta,2004 ; Gupta, 1989). The measure of pesticide in the earth might be nearly nothing however It might post a danger. In India between the long stretches of 1958 to 1992, there are an aggregate of eight instances of pesticide harming in food (Gupta, 2004). Pesticide additionally post danger toward marine and new water living life form (Edge, et. al., 2014). There is an examination in Tanzania shows that it is having a high convergence of pesticide. In this nation, pesticide break to the environement thus from inappropriate capacity. It has cause pesticide to run off to the stream. After the split, high centralization of pesticide is recognized from soil ( Mahugijia et.al., 2013; Kishimba and Mihale, 2004). In any case, following 15 years the grouping of pesticide is still high here after the tidying up process and the corruption of pesticide is seen as immaterial (Mahugija at. al., 2013). 2.2 Herbicide and It’s Mode of Actions Weed is characterized as a wild plant developing where it isn't needed and in rivalry with developed plants (Soanes and Stevenson, 2009). The principal man who utilize the term weed is Jethro Tã… Â ±ll in his book

Kate Chopin and The Story of an Hour Research Paper Example

Kate Chopin and The Story of an Hour Research Paper Example Kate Chopin and The Story of an Hour Paper Kate Chopin and The Story of an Hour Paper Exposition Topic: Writing Artistic components bolster and build up the subjects in all works of fine writing. The short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a work carefully woven along with various scholarly components including imagery, character, and perspective that add to the topic of the story, which is an investigation of singularity clashing with mistreatment. Mistreatment when all is said in done can emerge out of society, individuals, or even from a similar individual. In this short story, Louise is being mistreated by every one of the three gatherings previously mentioned. She is persecuted by society in fitting in with a specific cliché strategy for grieving, abused by her significant other and their marriage, and mistreated by her own heart, which dares not proceed in the wake of losing her freedom again. Abuse in America was normal as of now, particularly in relationships. Kate Chopin was a women's activist and frequently attempted to uncover how restricted ladies were in the public arena and in conjugal connections. Liu Zhuo said that â€Å"[This short story was] investigating how American standard society overlooked womens values and forced imperatives on otherworldly opportunity. (Zhuo, 2004). Singularity in this short story is seen unequivocally when Louise is considering her own life. She, a reliant and insightful lady, feels as though she has disregarded some shocking weight and is permitted to have a free and superb time after she learns of the mishap. As amazing as this may sound, she was expected on being simply one more lady being mistreated in this timeframe, however the demise of her better half frees her enough to give her autonomous nature. Emily Toth noticed that Louise â€Å"will not need to carry on with her life for any other individual; she won't need to submit to anyones wishes yet her own. † (Toth, pg 10). Her solid will and want to be her own individual is apparent in this investigation. Louise wants simply to be her own individual, yet she may have not known whether that before the news showed up. At the point when her obscure want comes into light, she turns into a sparkling new lady that is separated from other bound ladies. Imagery in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is both unobtrusive and solid. Imagery of mistreatment is frequently here found in her craving to be free. This craving is anticipated to an open window and this window turns into an image for her recently discovered opportunity and prospects in the wake of discovering that her better half has passed on. Peering out of this window, Louise sees life and natural marvels she had at no other time would have liked to appreciate, and she starts to ponder about how her life will be since she is liberated from the marriage. The content even goes so far in expressing that â€Å"She was savoring a very mixture of life through that open window. † (Chopin, 1894). This image becomes total when she gets some distance from the window to discover her significant other lives, so, all in all she loses her life. Another emblematic angle in this short story is her heart itself. In the story, her heart issues are the principle focal point of calamity and her satisfaction. Toward the start of the story, her heart inconvenience is the main thing that is referenced about her. At the point when she starts pondering her recently obtained opportunity, her heart races. The content relates that â€Å"Her beats beat quick, and the flowing blood warmed and loosened up every last bit of her body. † (Chopin, pgh 11). This would infer that her heart had been unemotional and listless before this time, implying that she was just currently really starting to live. The updates on her spouses demise may have been broken to her delicately with the goal that her heart probably won't cause her passing, however her heart really quits pulsating when she discovers that he lives, suggesting that she has emblematically and truly kicked the bucket again under her relationships persecution. Declaring that the heart inconveniences are representative, it is anything but difficult to contrast figuratively her physical heart issue with the difficulty of her affection life. It is regular information that when one loses another their heart may break, or that when one is infatuated their heart swells. Hearts are images for affection, and Louises heart obviously needs quality here. Louise has no motivation to loathe her significant other, or be happy that he is dead. Or maybe, she communicated that she would be forlorn at his burial service, and expressed plainly that she didn't adore her better half. The characters of this story are extremely fascinating, yet Louise Mallard is the one in particular that has any obvious profundity given to her. She is depicted as a lady that has been bound to the enclosure of marriage, and would effectively get out. She demonstrated enormous feeling to the spectators in the wake of hearing the updates on her spouses demise yet her internal considerations and wants were blissful and cheerful. She has heart issues, however they are introduced ambiguously and without a genuine mark of ailment. This, alongside her outside peculiarities recommend that her heart issues are physical and enthusiastic. The perspective is written in third-individual omniscient and is basic for the story to be done accurately. In actuality, the total of the story would be altogether different on the off chance that it had been written in the principal individual perspective. The absolute first sentence would not have been conceivable, and consequently the information on her heart disease would not have been uncovered. Maybe on the off chance that it had been composed from her eyes, the whole story likewise may have sounded rather malevolent. The storyteller likewise serves to make Louise a thoughtful character instead of a coldhearted one. Rationalizing and glossing over her sentiments of opportunity, the storyteller is basic in this story. Louise was not searching out opportunity from mistreatment or her marriage, yet she had a sample of opportunity through her open window when she learned she was a widow. Instead of her shocking as her family dreaded, her heart began pulsating. Louise picked up her singularity and turned into a powerful character in the hour shut up in her room. Through the thoughtful storyteller, the peruser goes on an excursion of self-disclosure with Louise as she hooks her way to a free perspective and being. It is with these artistic components that the story shows the subject of an individual managing an abusive marriage. Assets http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DBDS200406020.htm

Niaras advice on preparing for the GRE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Niaras advice on preparing for the GRE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog A great piece of advice I received when I was first applying to graduate school was to book a date for the GRE as early as possible this helps you plan ahead and outline what you need to study. But I also wanted to share some tips for the GRE from my own personal experience given that I took the GRE not that long ago. Focus on your mistakes and what you don’t know One of the best ways to improve your score on the GRE is to focus on the things you don’t know. This might sound obvious but there is a bit more to it, you have to really understand what you don’t know, meaning, it is very likely that you are making the same kinds of mistakes over and over again but not noticing a pattern. Effective GRE studying requires you to understand mistakes/errors, and your goal should be to not make the same mistake twice. I would even go as far as keeping an “error log” that tracks your mistakes based on content.   This should be your primary focus, studying from your error log and understanding why and how you are making those mistakes and then aiming to not make them again. All practice should be timed If you are one of the lucky people for who timing is never an issue then feel free to skip right ahead to the next section (what are you like, a genius, or something?). However, if you are a mere mortal, like me, then this piece of advice should come in handy: everything you are doing that is GRE-related should always be timed, always. If you are not timing yourself while you practice questions, it is basically like learning to fly an airplane by driving a car, which makes absolutely no sense! You want to recreate test-taking conditions as much as possible. The reality is you only have a limited amount of time to complete the test, so you need to get accustomed to answering questions in a timed setting. No, you will not just “get it right” next time That was way harsh Tai! But I have a point, I swear. If you are routinely making careless errors but disregarding them as silly mistakes, stop! Cease and desist! Basta! Para! These mistakes are communicating something, even if it’s a calculation error, it is something you need to be aware of. If you are making these mistakes now, studying in the comfort of your own home, you are very likely to make the same mistake on the actual test, because it’s timed and you’re under pressure and oh my god what were the Pythagorean Triplets?! The test itself can be nerve inducing, so you want to make sure you are as prepared as possible and reducing the number of careless errors when you practice. Finally, and this might sound odd given what I’ve just said above, the GRE is just one aspect of your application. So yes, you should aim to do well, but it only tells a small part of the story. Note from Admissions:  SIPA requires either the GRE or the GMAT as an admissions requirement.

Early Childhood Education Child Protection Essay example

Every child has the right to a full and productive life. Under the national framework for Protecting Australia’s Children (2009), protecting children is everyone’s responsibility: Parents, communities, governments and businesses all have a role to play. Children’s services have an important part to play in protecting children who may be at risk of harm or illness. Educators have a duty of care to protect and preserve the safety, health and wellbeing of all children in their care and must always act in their best interests. Policies have been developed at a local, state and federal level to provide a foundation for improving and maintaining the safety and wellbeing of Australia’s young people. The purpose of this report is to analyse†¦show more content†¦Legislators again place value on the role of the educator, stating, quite strongly that â€Å"Staff members of a children’s service must ensure that every reasonable precaution is taken to protect a child†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Children’s Services Act, 1996, p27) Though the previous two policies had provisions for the emotional wellbeing of the child, this policy places equal value to the physical wellbeing of the child. What precipitated the development of the policy? Australia began to acknowledge the existence of child protection issues during the 1960’s, which led to legislative reform and Australia signing the ‘United Nations Declaration of the rights of the child’ in 1981 (McCallum, 2002). In recent years there has been an increased awareness of child protection emerging from increased incidents of child harm and abuse and intensified research. During this time, policy makers and service providers have developed a greater understanding of children’s needs and have come together to bring us our current policies. Further investigation into the development of each of the six child safety/protection policies; found that they are manifestations of each other. For instance without the Children’s Services Act 1996 and the Children, Youth and Families Act 2005, the DNCK child protection policy would not have been developed as now services have a legal responsibility to have current and relevant policies within theirShow MoreRelatedLegal and Ethical Issues in Childcare1392 Words   |  6 Pagesthe relevant government agency that deals with child protection in your state – South Australia. The South Australia Department for Families and Communities (DFC) is responsible for child protection among other things. (COAG) Families SA runs the Child Abuse Report Line on 131 478. The Report Line is the focal point where all child protection concerns are to be reported. There are three teams in operation during these times. 1) The standard Child Abuse Report Line team is made up of social workersRead MoreProvide High-Quality Inclusive, Early Childhood Education and Care638 Words   |  3 PagesSDN, a not-for profit organisation is committed in providing quality and inclusive services for children and families in need of early childhood education and care services such as long day care centres and pre-schools within the regions of New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory. In addition to these mainstream services, SDN caters specific programs and early intervention support designed for children with high care needs that require additional assistance and their families of marginalisedRead MoreSelf Awareness and Interpersonal Skills1626 Words   |  7 Pagesis highlighting the importance of self-awareness and interpersonal skills within the early child care setting. The rights of the child within the ECCE. How to communicate effectively with children their families and other colleagues and how thi s benefits all involved. How being part of a team within the ECCE benefits and what regulations are put in place to ensure quality of education and the quality of the child care setting and facilities. Self-Awareness is the understanding of your own personalityRead MoreSelf Awareness and Interpersonal Skills1626 Words   |  7 Pagesis highlighting the importance of self-awareness and interpersonal skills within the early child care setting. The rights of the child within the ECCE. How to communicate effectively with children their families and other colleagues and how this benefits all involved. How being part of a team within the ECCE benefits and what regulations are put in place to ensure quality of education and the quality of the child care setting and facilities. Self-Awareness is the understanding of your own personalityRead MoreThe Early Years Of A Child s Life1361 Words   |  6 Pages The early years of a child’s life are the most important, their general well-being, their emotional and social development and their physical, intellectual and emotional growth. â€Å"First the education of the scenes, then the education of the intellect. The essential thing is for the task to arouse such as an interest that engages the child’s whole personality.† (Montessori, 1967, cited in Madeod-Brudenell and Key. 2008:21) Children develop at different paces, therefore they should be carefully observedRead MoreThe First Job Position That I Got Became The Fire Chief1053 Words   |  5 PagesCounty’s fire/rescue protection system which includes assessing community needs, setting priorities, determining available resources, and evaluating protection options. †¢ Formulates and enforces departmental rules and regulations, work methods, and procedures. †¢ Reviews reports of the activities of each fire/rescue division and provides feedback to area managers, works with staff in setting and accomplishing goals in the area of training, maintenance, codes, administration, public education, fire investigationRead MoreHow Childhood Has Changed over the Centuries1220 Words   |  5 Pagesideas about childhood over the centuries, there are several points of discussion that arise. Many ideas surrounding the change and evolved over the centuries, ideas such as the views towards education and the impact of the industrial revolution on westerns societies views towards childhood, due to the limited space, this essay will focus on two underlying issues which have contributed greatly to the changing ideas about childhood over the centuries, which are; the recognition of childhood and innocenceRead MoreMy Proposal For Children Under The Age Of Six980 Words   |  4 Pagesquality preschool education. Since 1979, the one-child policy has been in effect for 30 years in China. The first generation of single child are now growing into childbearing age. The one-child policy in China is altering family roles and child-rearing practices, raising concerns about the possible harmful effects of too much attention and pampering. It has strengthened the emphasis on education for young children. 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CDC is another funding source that also supports school healthRead MoreThe Importance Of Nutrition And Supportive Environment1526 Words   |  7 Pagesof development- Global context The first 1000 days of life is defined as the duration starting from period of conception up to 2 years of child age.After several evidences have been found that nutrition plays an extremely important role in the early childhood development, to be specific, within 1000 days of period between conception to 2nd Birthday of child(1), the global movement of The First Thousand Days has started in 2010 in Washington DC. (2) The effect of receiving sufficient nutrients and

Descriptive Essay On Gujarat - 1292 Words

THE BOSTON OF INDIA- AHMEDABAD What comes to your mind when you first hear about Ahmedabad. The history, Dandi march, Mahatma Gandhi, the salt riot. But, Ahmedabad is much more then that. It is the second largest producer of cotton in India. it s something an amdavadi is proud of. a little basics regarding the city, the language spoken is Gujarati, Hindi and English, the favorite sport is cricket. You might also find the team GUJARAT LIONs in IPL. The people residing in the city are pretty lovely, helpful, considerate and of Corse money minded. One thing that an outsider loves about Ahmedabad is the craze for food. It wouldn t matter here if the person owns a BMW or is riding a bicycle. If he or she wants to eat pani-puri, then they†¦show more content†¦A waterfront constructed at banks of Sabarmati river. This 11.25km long riverfront is worth a watch. The sound of water splashing against the retaining wall of the riverfront somehow helps in calming one s heart. The main reason this riverfront was constru cted was to restore the environment of the city which was destroyed by industries. There are 31 Ghats constructed at particular intervals for access of water. At these Ghats, boating stations are constructed! yes you heard it right, you can boat and walk as well in and along this riverfront. Along side riverfront the open ground is used for other recreational activities such as air show, handloom and handicrafts and amusement parks. Walking up to riverfront, experiencing that cool breeze along with the calm river, is a perfect getaway from the city life, even if its situated within the city. The irony of the situation is not lost by me. LAL DARWAZA Are you the biggest shopaholic? Or maybe you are the fan of street shopping? well this place is for you. Also known as Ahmedabad s gateway, this place was opened in 1415( the fact alone is shocking), having indo-islamic architecture, this place might look a little bit congested at first but when you go inside, then you will know the real beauty of the place. It is situated in old Ahmedabad. Now, this place is famous for street shopping. You can find anything and everything here. From slippers to your hairpin, everything is available within your arm s reach literally.Show MoreRelatedWorking Capital Management Project11543 Words   |  47 Pagesused to prepare this report is Descriptive. The major purpose of descriptive research is to give a description of the state of affairs, as it exists during the time of study. The main characteristic of this method is that researcher has limited control over the variables affecting the study. The researcher can only report what has happened or w hat is happening. What, Where, When, How are the questions that can be answered by the researcher and not â€Å"Why†. Descriptive Report is that subscription whichRead MoreA Study on Financial Performance Analysis at Vijay Textiles Ltd17842 Words   |  72 Pages(debenture holders) and dividend to the share holders. âž ¢ To study the balance of cash and credit in the organization. 1.3 Research methodology: 1.3.1 Research design: The descriptive form of research method is adopted for study. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of state of affairs of the institution as it exits at present. The nature and characteristics of the financial statements of Vijay Textiles Ltd have been described in this studyRead MorePepsi-Performance Appraisal12521 Words   |  51 Pagesspecific incidents where employees did something really well or that needs improving during their performance period. 2. Weighted checklist method In this style, performance appraisal is made under a method where the jobs being evaluated based on descriptive statements about effective and ineffective behavior on jobs. 3. Paired comparison analysis This form of performance appraisal is a good way to make full use of the methods of options. There will be a list of relevant options. Each optionRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7

Sat and Adj Free Essays

sat vocabulary words The 5000 words below, with brief definitions, are free for individual and classroom use. These words are also downloadable from Texas Instruments in a format for some Texas Instruments calculators. A small-print, PDF version (Free) is good for printing and annotating. We will write a custom essay sample on Sat and Adj or any similar topic only for you Order Now Alphabetical list shows definitions, differences (aggravate, aggregate) and similarities (bibliography, bibliophile) at-a-glance for easy review. Sound Smarter and Be Smarter Understand more words to improve reading comprehension grades. Speak and write more accurately, persuasively, and impressively. This site is a by-product of my SAT test prep teaching in Montgomery County, Maryland. In Montgomery County, MD? Click here for help. Free at the bottom of this page: my SAT Test Math Notes (scroll down) (below vocabulary)  © 2010 EEENI Inc. Nonprofit. Steve Baba, Ph. 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Download After CDs/DVD Purchase   22MB, compressed RAR files: Vocab CD1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7   SAT math 87MB hour 1, 2, may need free VLC Media Player |+   SAT TEST MATH Seminar complete edition of $120 live class 1. Watch Math Problems Solved   Step-By-Step 2. Practice, Prep 3. Ace SAT math Seminar Math Problems PDF – Free Learn 2 or 3 ways to solve: shortcut+backup 2-hour TV DVD Uses my below SAT math notes, my best tips from 10-years teaching | |abase v. To lower in position, estimation, or the like; degrade. abbey n. The group of buildings which collectively form the dwelling-place of a society of monks or nuns. Free SAT prep math notes below vocabulary v abbot n. The superior of a community of monks. abdicate v. To give up (royal power or the like). abdomen n. In mammals, the visceral cavity between the diaphragm and the pelvic floor; the belly. abdominal n. Of, pertaining to, or situated on the abdomen. abduction n. A carrying away of a person against his will, or illegally. abed adv. In bed; on a bed. aberration n. Deviation from a right, customary, or prescribed course. abet v. To aid, promote, or encourage the commission of (an offense). abeyance n. A state of suspension or temporary inaction. abhorrence n. The act of detesting extremely. bhorrent adj. Very repugnant; hateful. abidance n. An abiding. abject adj. Sunk to a low condition. abjure v. To recant, renounce, repudiate under oath. able-bodied adj. Competent for physical service. ablution n. A washing or cleansing, especially of the body. abnegate v. To renounce (a right or privilege). abnormal adj. Not conformed to the ordinary rule or standard. abominable adj. Very hateful. abominate v. To hate violently. abomination n. A very detestable act or practice. aboriginal adj. Primitive; unsophisticated. aborigines n. The original of earliest known inhabitants of a country. aboveboard adv. adj. Without concealment, fraud, or trickery. abrade v. To wear away the surface or some part of by friction. abrasion n. That which is rubbed off. abridge v. To make shorter in words, keeping the essential features, leaning out minor particles. abridgment n. A condensed form as of a book or play. abrogate v. To abolish, repeal. abrupt adj. Beginning, ending, or changing suddenly or with a break. abscess n. A Collection of pus in a cavity formed within some tissue of the body. abscission n. The act of cutting off, as in a surgical operation. abscond v. To depart suddenly and secretly, as for the purpose of escaping arrest. absence n. The fact of not being present or available. absent-minded adj. Lacking in attention to immediate surroundings or business. absolution n. Forgiveness, or passing over of offenses. absolve v. To free from sin or its penalties. absorb v. To drink in or suck up, as a sponge absorbs water. absorption n. The act or process of absorbing. abstain v. To keep oneself back (from doing or using something). abstemious adj. Characterized by self denial or abstinence, as in the use of drink, food. abstinence n. Self denial. abstruse adj. Dealing with matters difficult to be understood. absurd adj. Inconsistent with reason or common sense. bundant adj. Plentiful. abusive adj. Employing harsh words or ill treatment. abut v. To touch at the end or boundary line. abyss n. Bottomless gulf. academic adj. Of or pertaining to an academy, college, or university. academician n. A member of an academy of literature, art, or science. academy n. Any institution where the higher branches of learning are taught. accede v. To agree. accelerate v. To move faster. accept v. To take when offered. access n. A way of approach or entrance; passage. accessible adj. Approachable. accession n. Induction or elevation, as to dignity, office, or government. ccessory n. A person or thing that aids the principal agent. acclaim v. To utter with a shout. accommodate v. To furnish something as a kindness or favor. accompaniment n. A subordinate part or parts, enriching or supporting the leading part. accompanist n. One who or that which accompanies. accompany v. To go with, or be associated with, as a companion. accomplice n. An associate in wrong-doing. accomplish v. To bring to pass. accordion n. A portable free-reed musical instrument. accost v. To speak to. account n. A record or statement of receipts and expenditures, or of business transactions. accouter v. To dress. accredit v. To give credit or authority to. accumulate v. To become greater in quantity or number. accuracy n. Exactness. accurate adj. Conforming exactly to truth or to a standard. accursed adj. Doomed to evil, misery, or misfortune. accusation n. A charge of crime, misdemeanor, or error. accusatory adj. Of, pertaining to, or involving an accusation. accuse v. To charge with wrong doing, misconduct, or error. accustom v. To make familiar by use. acerbity n. Sourness, with bitterness and astringency. acetate n. A salt of acetic acid. acetic adj. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of vinegar. che v. To be in pain or distress. Achillean adj. Invulnerable. achromatic adj. Colorless, acid n. A sour substance. acidify v. To change into acid. acknowledge v. To recognize; to admit the genuineness or validity of. acknowledgment n. Recognition. acme n. The highest point, or summit. acoustic adj. Pertaining to the act or sense of hearing. acquaint v. To make familiar or conversant. acquiesce v. To comply; submit. acquiescence n. Passive consent. acquire v. To get as one’s own. acquisition n. Anything gained, or made one’s own, usually by effort or labor. acquit v. To free or clear, as from accusation. cquittal n. A discharge from accusation by judicial action. acquittance n. Release or discharge from indebtedness, obligation, or responsibility. acreage n. Quantity or extent of land, especially of cultivated land. acrid adj. Harshly pungent or bitter. acrimonious adj. Full of bitterness. acrimony n. Sharpness or bitterness of speech or temper. actionable adj. Affording cause for instituting an action, as trespass, slanderous words. actuality n. Any reality. actuary n. An officer, as of an insurance company, who calculates and states the risks and premiums. actuate v. To move or incite to action. acumen n. Quickness of intellectual insight, or discernment; keenness of discrimination. acute adj. Having fine and penetrating discernment. adamant n. Any substance of exceeding hardness or impenetrability. addendum n. Something added, or to be added. addle v. To make inefficient or worthless; muddle. adduce v. To bring forward or name for consideration. adhere v. To stick fast or together. adherence n. Attachment. adherent adj. Clinging or sticking fast. adhesion n. The state of being attached or joined. adieu inter. Good-by; farewell. adjacency n. The state of being adjacent. adjacent n. That which is near or bordering upon. djudge v. To award or bestow by formal decision. adjunct n. Something joined to or connected with another thing, but holding a subordinate place. adjuration n. A vehement appeal. adjutant adj. Auxiliary. administrator n. One who manages affairs of any kind. admissible adj. Having the right or privilege of entry. admittance n. Entrance, or the right or permission to ente r. admonish v. To warn of a fault. admonition n. Gentle reproof. ado n. unnecessary activity or ceremony. adoration n. Profound devotion. adroit adj. Having skill in the use of the bodily or mental powers. adulterant n. An adulterating substance. dulterate v. To make impure by the admixture of other or baser ingredients. adumbrate v. To represent beforehand in outline or by emblem. advent n. The coming or arrival, as of any important change, event, state, or personage. adverse adj. Opposing or opposed. adversity n. Misfortune. advert v. To refer incidentally. advertiser n. One who advertises, especially in newspapers. advisory adj. Not mandatory. advocacy n. The act of pleading a cause. advocate n. One who pleads the cause of another, as in a legal or ecclesiastical court. aerial adj. Of, pertaining to, or like the air. aeronaut n. One who navigates the air, a balloonist. aeronautics n. the art or practice of flying aircraft aerostat n. A balloon or other apparatus floating in or sustained by the air. aerostatics n. The branch of pneumatics that treats of the equilibrium, pressure, and mechanical properties. affable adj. Easy to approach. affect v. To act upon affectation n. A studied or ostentatious pretense or attempt. affiliate n. Some auxiliary person or thing. affirmative adj. Answering yes; to a question at issue. affix v. To fasten. affluence n. A profuse or abundant supply of riches. affront n. An open insult or indignity. fire adv. adj. On fire, literally or figuratively. afoot adv. In progress. aforesaid adj. Said in a preceding part or before. afresh adv. Once more, after rest or interval. afterthought n. A thought that comes later than its appropriate or expected time. agglomerate v. To pile or heap together. aggrandize v. To cause to appear greatly. aggravate v. To make heavier, worse, or more bur densome. aggravation n. The fact of being made heavier or more heinous, as a crime , offense, misfortune, etc. aggregate n. The entire number, sum, mass, or quantity of something. aggress v. To make the first attack. aggression n. An unprovoked attack. aggrieve v. To give grief or sorrow to. aghast adj. Struck with terror and amazement. agile adj. Able to move or act quickly, physically, or mentally. agitate v. To move or excite (the feelings or thoughts). agrarian adj. Pertaining to land, especially agricultural land. aide-de-camp n. An officer who receives and transmits the orders of the general. ailment n. Slight sickness. airy adj. Delicate, ethereal. akin adj. Of similar nature or qualities. alabaster n. A white or delicately tinted fine-grained gypsum. alacrity n. Cheerful willingness. albeit conj. Even though. albino n. A person with milky white skin and hair, and eyes with bright red pupil and usually pink iris. album n. A book whose leaves are so made to form paper frames for holding photographs or the like. alchemy n. Chemistry of the middle ages, characterized by the pursuit of changing base metals to gold. alcohol n. A volatile, inflammable, colorless liquid of a penetrating odor and burning taste. alcoholism n. A condition resulting from the inordinate or persistent use of alcoholic beverages. alcove n. A covered recess connected with or at the side of a larger room. alder n. Any shrub or small tree of the genus Alumnus, of the oak family. alderman n. A member of a municipal legislative body, who usually exercises also certain judicial functions. aldermanship n. The dignity, condition, office, or term of office of an alderman. alias n. An assumed name. alien n. One who owes allegiance to a foreign government. alienable adj. Capable of being aliened or alienated, as lands. alienate v. To cause to turn away. alienation n. Estrangement. aliment n. That which nourishes. alkali n. Anything that will neutralize an acid, as lime, magnesia, etc. allay v. To calm the violence or reduce the intensity of; mitigate. allege v. To assert to be true, especially in a formal manner, as in court. llegory n. The setting forth of a subject under the guise of another subject of aptly suggestive likeness. alleviate v. To make less burdensome or less hard to bear. alley n. A narrow street, garden path, walk, or the like. alliance n. Any combination or union for some common purpose. allot v. To assign a definite thing or part to a certain person. allotme nt n. Portion. allude v. To refer incidentally, or by suggestion. allusion n. An indirect and incidental reference to something without definite mention of it. alluvion n. Flood. ally n. A person or thing connected with another, usually in some relation of helpfulness. lmanac n. A series of tables giving the days of the week together with certain astronomical information. aloof adv. Not in sympathy with or desiring to associate with others. altar n. Any raised place or structure on which sacrifices may be offered or incense burned. alter v. To make change in. alteration n. Change or modification. altercate v. To contend angrily or zealously in words. alternate n. One chosen to act in place of another, in case of the absence or incapacity of that other. alternative n. Something that may or must exist, be taken or chosen, or done instead of something else. altitude n. Vertical distance or elevation above any point or base-level, as the sea. alto n. The lowest or deepest female voice or part. altruism n. Benevolence to others on subordination to self-interest. altruist n. One who advocates or practices altruism. amalgam n. An alloy or union of mercury with another metal. amalgamate v. To mix or blend together in a homogeneous body. amateur adj. Practicing an art or occupation for the love of it, but not as a profession. amatory adj. Designed to excite love. ambidextrous adj. Having the ability of using both hands with equal skill or ease. ambiguous adj. Having a double meaning. ambitious adj. Eagerly desirous and aspiring. ambrosial adj. Divinely sweet, fragrant, or delicious. ambulance n. A vehicle fitted for conveying the sick and wounded. ambulate v. To walk about ambush n. The act or state of lying concealed for the purpose of surprising or attacking the enemy. ameliorate v. To relieve, as from pain or hardship amenable adj. Willing and ready to submit. Americanism n. A peculiar sense in which an English word or phrase is used in the United States. amicable adj. Done in a friendly spirit. amity n. Friendship. amorous adj. Having a propensity for falling in love. amorphous adj. Without determinate shape. mour n. A love-affair, especially one of an illicit nature. ampere n. The practical unit of electric-current strength. ampersand n. The character ; and. amphibious adj. Living both on land and in water. amphitheater n. An edifice of elliptical shape, constructed about a central open space or arena. amplitude n. Largeness. amply adv. Sufficiently. amputate v. To remove by cutting, as a limb or some portion of the body. amusement n. Diversion. anachronism n. Anything occurring or existing out of its proper time. anagram n. The letters of a word or phrase so transposed as to make a different word or phrase. nalogous adj. Corresponding (to some other) in certain respects, as in form, proportion, relations. analogy n. Reasoning in which from certain and known relations or resemblance others are formed. analyst n. One who analyzes or makes use of the analytical method. analyze v. To examine minutely or critically. anarchy n. Absence or utter disregard of government. anathema n. Anything forbidden, as by social usage. anatomy n. That branch of morphology which treats of the structure of organisms. ancestry n. One’s ancestors collectively. anecdote n. A brief account of some interesting event or incident. anemia n. Deficiency of blood or red corpuscles. anemic adj. Affected with anemia. anemometer n. An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of wind. anesthetic adj. Pertaining to or producing loss of sensation. anew adv. Once more. angelic adj. Saintly. Anglophobia n. Hatred or dread of England or of what is English. Anglo-Saxon n. The entire English race wherever found, as in Europe, the United States, or India. angular adj. Sharp-cornered. anhydrous adj. Withered. animadversion n. The utterance of criticism or censure. animadvert v. To pass criticism or censure. animalcule n. An animal of microscopic smallness. animate v. To make alive. animosity n. Hatred. annalist n. Historian. annals n. A record of events in their chronological order, year by year. annex v. To add or affix at the end. annihilate v. To destroy absolutely. annotate v. To make explanatory or critical notes on or upon. annual adj. Occurring every year. annuity n. An annual allowance, payment, or income. annunciation n. Proclamation. anode n. The point where or path by which a voltaic current enters an electrolyte or the like. anonymous adj. Of unknown authorship. antagonism n. Mutual opposition or resistance of counteracting forces, principles, or persons. Antarctic adj. Pertaining to the south pole or the regions near it. ante v. In the game of poker, to put up a stake before the cards are dealt. antecede v. To precede. antecedent n. One who or that which precedes or goes before, as in time, place, rank, order, or causality. antechamber n. A waiting room for those who seek audience. antedate v. To assign or affix a date to earlier than the actual one. antediluvian adj. Of or pertaining to the times, things, events before the great flood in the days of Noah. antemeridian adj. Before noon. antemundane adj. Pertaining to time before the world’s creation. antenatal adj. Occurring or existing before birth. nterior adj. Prior. anteroom n. A room situated before and opening into another, usually larger. anthology n. A collection of extracts from the writings of various authors. anthracite n. Hard coal. anthropology n. The science of man in general. anthropomorphous adj. Having or resembling human form. antic n. A grotesque, ludicrous, or fantastic a ction. Antichrist n. Any opponent or enemy of Christ, whether a person or a power. anticlimax n. A gradual or sudden decrease in the importance or impressiveness of what is said. anticyclone n. An atmospheric condition of high central pressure, with currents flowing outward. ntidote n. Anything that will counteract or remove the effects of poison, disease, or the like. antilogy n. Inconsistency or contradiction in terms or ideas. antipathize v. To show or feel a feeling of antagonism, aversion, or dislike. antiphon n. A response or alteration of responses, generally musical. antiphony n. An anthem or other composition sung responsively. antipodes n. A place or region on the opposite side of the earth. antiquary n. One who collects and examines old things, as coins, books, medals, weapons, etc. antiquate v. To make old or out of date. antique adj. Pertaining to ancient times. ntiseptic n. Anything that destroys or restrains the growth of putrefactive micro-organisms. antislavery adj. Opposed to human slavery. antispasmodic adj. Tending to prevent or relieve non-inflammatory spasmodic affections. antistrophe n. The inversion of terms in successive classes, as in â€Å"the home of joy and the joy of home†. antitoxin n. A substance which neutralizes the poisonous products of micro-organisms. antonym n. A word directly opposed to another in meaning. anxious adj. Distressed in mind respecting some uncertain matter. apathy n. Insensibility to emotion or passionate feeling. aperture n. Hole. apex n. The highest point, as of a mountain. aphorism n. Proverb. apiary n. A place where bees are kept. apogee n. The climax. apology n. A disclaimer of intentional error or offense. apostasy n. A total departure from one’s faith or religion. apostate adj. False. apostle n. Any messenger commissioned by or as by divine authority. apothecary n. One who keeps drugs for sale and puts up prescriptions. apotheosis n. Deification. appall v. To fill with dismay or horror. apparent adj. Easily understood. apparition n. Ghost. appease v. To soothe by quieting anger or indignation. appellate adj. Capable of being appealed to. ppellation n. The name or title by which a particular person, class, or thing is called. append v. To add or attach, as something accessory, subordinate, or supplementary. appertain v. To belong, as by right, fitness, association, classification, possession, or natural relation. apposite adj. Appropriate. apposition n. The act of placing side by side, together, or in cont act. appraise v. To estimate the money value of. appreciable adj. Capable of being discerned by the senses or intellect. apprehend v. To make a prisoner of (a person) in the name of the law. apprehensible adj. Capable of being conceived. approbation n. Sanction. appropriate adj. Suitable for the purpose and circumstances. aqueduct n. A water-conduit, particularly one for supplying a community from a distance. aqueous adj. Of, pertaining to, or containing water. arbiter n. One chosen or appointed, by mutual consent of parties in dispute, to decide matters. arbitrary adj. Fixed or done capriciously. arbitrate v. To act or give judgment as umpire. arbor n. A tree. arboreal adj. Of or pertaining to a tree or trees. arborescent adj. Having the nature of a tree. arboretum n. A botanical garden or place devoted to the cultivation of trees or shrubs. arboriculture n. The cultivation of trees or shrubs. arcade n. A vaulted passageway or street; a roofed passageway having shops, etc. , opening from it. archaic adj. Antiquated archaism n. Obsolescence. archangel n. An angel of high rank. archbishop n. The chief of the bishops of an ecclesiastical province in the Greek, Roman, and Anglican church. archdeacon n. A high official administrator of the affairs of a diocese. archaeology n. The branch of anthropology concerned with the systematic investigation of the relics of man. archetype n. A prototype. archipelago n. Any large body of water studded with islands, or the islands collectively themselves. rdent adj. Burning with passion. ardor n. Intensity of passion or affection. arid adj. Very dry. aristocracy n. A hereditary nobility aristocrat n. A hereditary noble or one nearly connected with nobility. armada n. A fleet of war-vessels. armful n. As much as can be held in the arm or arms. armory n. An arsenal. aroma n. An agreeable odor. arraign v. To call into court, as a person indicted for crime, and demand whether he pleads guilty or not. arrange v. To put in definite or proper order. arrangement n. The act of putting in proper order, or the state of being put in order. arrant adj. Notoriously bad. arrear n. Something overdue and unpaid. arrival n. A coming to stopping-place or destination. arrogant adj. Unduly or excessively proud, as of wealth, station, learning, etc. arrogate v. To take, demand, or claim, especially presumptuously or without reasons or grounds. Artesian well n. A very deep bored well. water rises due to underground pressure artful adj. Characterized by craft or cunning. Arthurian adj. Pertaining to King Arthur, the real or legendary hero of British poetic story. artifice n. Trickery. artless adj. Ingenuous. ascendant adj. Dominant. ascension n. The act of rising. ascent n. A rising, soaring, or climbing. ascetic adj. Given to severe self-denial and practicing excessive abstinence and devotion. ascribe v. To assign as a quality or attribute. asexual adj. Having no distinct sexual organs. ashen adj. Pale. askance adv. With a side or indirect glance or meaning. asperity n. Harshness or roughness of temper. aspirant n. One who seeks earnestly, as for advancement, honors, place. aspiration n. An earnest wish for that which is above one’s present reach. aspire v. To have an earnest desire, wish, or longing, as for something high and good, not yet attained. assailant n. One who attacks. assassin n. One who kills, or tries to kill, treacherously or secretly. ssassinate v. To kill, as by surprise or secret assault, especially the killing of some eminent person. assassination n. Murderer, as by secret assault or treachery. assay n. The chemical analysis or testing of an alloy ore. assent v. To express agreement with a statement or matter of opinion. assess v. To determine the amount of (a tax or oth er sum to be paid). assessor n. An officer whose duty it is to assess taxes. assets n. pl. Property in general, regarded as applicable to the payment of debts. assiduous adj. Diligent. assignee n. One who is appointed to act for another in the management of certain property and interests. ssimilate v. To adapt. assonance n. Resemblance or correspondence in sound. assonant adj. Having resemblance of sound. assonate v. To accord in sound, especially vowel sound. assuage v. To cause to be less harsh, violent, or severe, as excitement, appetite, pain, or disease. astringent adj. Harsh in disposition or character. astute adj. Keen in discernment. atheism n. The denial of the existence of God. athirst adj. Wanting water. athwart adv. From side to side. atomizer n. An apparatus for reducing a liquid to a fine spray, as for disinfection, inhalation, etc. atone v. To make amends for. atonement n. Amends, reparation, or expiation made from wrong or injury. atrocious adj. Outrageously or wantonly wicked, criminal, vile, or cruel. atrocity n. Great cruelty or reckless wickedness. attache n. A subordinate member of a diplomatic embassy. attest v. To certify as accurate, genuine, or true. attorney-general n. The chief law-officer of a government. auburn adj. Reddish-brown, said usually of the hair. audacious adj. Fearless. audible adj. Loud enough to be heard. audition n. The act or sensation of hearing. auditory adj. Of or pertaining to hearing or the organs or sense of hearing. augment v. To make bigger. augur v. To predict. Augustinian adj. Pertaining to St. Augustine, his doctrines, or the religious orders called after him. aura n. Pervasive psychic influence supposed to emanate from persons aural adj. Of or pertaining to the ear. auricle n. One of the two chambers of the heart which receives the blood from the veins. auricular adj. Of or pertaining to the ear, its auricle, or the sense of hearing. auriferous adj. Containing gold. aurora n. A luminous phenomenon in the upper regions of the atmosphere. auspice n. favoring, protecting, or propitious influence or guidance. austere adj. Severely simple; unadorned. autarchy n. Unrestricted power. authentic adj. Of undisputed origin. authenticity n. The state or quality of being genuine, or of the origin and authorship claimed. autobiography n. The story of one’s life written by himself. autocracy n. Absolute government. autocrat n. Any one who claims or wields unrestricted or undisputed authority or influence. automaton n. Any living being whose actions are or appear to be involuntary or mechanical. autonomous adj. Self-governing. autonomy n. Self-government. autopsy n. The examination of a dead body by dissection to ascertain the cause of death. autumnal adj. Of or pertaining to autumn. auxiliary n. One who or that which aids or helps, especially when regarded as subsidiary or accessory. avalanche n. The fall or sliding of a mass of snow or ice down a mountain-slope, often bearing with it rock. avarice n. Passion for getting and keeping riches. aver v. To assert as a fact. averse adj. Reluctant. aversion n. A mental condition of fixed opposition to or dislike of some particular thing. avert v. To turn away or aside. aviary n. A spacious cage or enclosure in which live birds are kept. avidity n. Greediness. avocation n. Diversion. avow v. To declare openly. awaken v. To arouse, as emotion, interest, or the like. awry adv. adj. Out of the proper form, direction, or position. aye adv. An expression of assent. azalea n. A flowering shrub. azure n. The color of the sky. Baconian adj. Of or pertaining to Lord Bacon or his system of philosophy. bacterium n. A microbe. badger v. To pester. baffle v. To foil or frustrate. bailiff n. An officer of court having custody of prisoners under arraignment. baize n. A single-colored napped woolen fabric used for table-covers, curtains, etc. bale n. A large package prepared for transportation or storage. baleful adj. Malignant. ballad n. Any popular narrative poem, often with epic subject and usually in lyric form. balsam n. A medical preparation, aromatic and oily, used for healing. banal adj. Commonplace. barcarole n. A boat-song of Venetian gondoliers. barograph n. An instrument that registers graphically and continuously the atmospheric pressure. barometer n. An instrument for indicating the atmospheric pressure per unit of surface. barring prep. Apart from. baritone adj. Having a register higher than bass and lower than tenor. bask v. To make warm by genial heat. bass adj. Low in tone or compass. baste v. To cover with melted fat, gravy, while cooking. baton n. An official staff borne either as a weapon or as an emblem of authority or privilege. attalion n. A body of infantry composed of two or more companies, forming a part of a regiment. batten n. A narrow strip of wood. batter n. A thick liquid mixture of two or more materials beaten together, to be used in cookery. bauble n. A trinket. bawl v. To proclaim by outcry. beatify v. To make supremely happy. beatitude n. Any state of great happiness. b eau n. An escort or lover. becalm v. To make quiet. beck v. To give a signal to, by nod or gesture. bedaub v. To smear over, as with something oily or sticky. bedeck v. To cover with ornament. bedlam n. Madhouse. befog v. To confuse. befriend v. To be a friend to, especially when in need. beget v. To produce by sexual generation. begrudge v. To envy one of the possession of. belate v. To delay past the proper hour. belay v. To make fast, as a rope, by winding round a cleat. belie v. To misrepresent. believe v. To accept as true on the testimony or authority of others. belittle v. To disparage. belle n. A woman who is a center of attraction because of her beauty, accomplishments, etc. bellicose adj. Warlike. belligerent adj. Manifesting a warlike spirit. bemoan v. To lament benediction n. a solemn invocation of the divine blessing. benefactor n. A doer of kindly and charitable acts. benefice n. A church office endowed with funds or property for the maintenance of divine service. beneficent adj. Characterized by charity and kindness. beneficial adj. Helpful. beneficiary n. One who is lawfully entitled to the profits and proceeds of an estate or property. benefit n. Helpful result. benevolence n. Any act of kindness or well-doing. benevolent adj. Loving others and actively desirous of their well-being. benign adj. Good and kind of heart. benignant adj. Benevolent in feeling, character, or aspect. benignity n. Kindness of feeling, disposition, or manner. benison n. Blessing. bequeath v. To give by will. bereave v. To make desolate with loneliness and grief. berth n. A bunk or bed in a vessel, sleeping-car, etc. beseech v. To implore. beset v. To attack on all sides. besmear v. To smear over, as with any oily or sticky substance. bestial adj. Animal. bestrew v. To sprinkle or cover with things strewn. bestride v. To get or sit upon astride, as a horse. bethink v. To remind oneself. betide v. To happen to or befall. betimes adv. In good season or time. betroth v. To engage to marry. betrothal n. Engagement to marry. bevel n. Any inclination of two surfaces other than 90 degrees. ewilder v. To confuse the perceptions or judgment of. bibliomania n. The passion for collecting books. bibliography n. A list of the words of an author, or the literature bearing on a particular subject. bibliophile n. One who loves books. bibulous adj. Fond of drinking. bide v. To await. biennial n. A plant that produces leaves and roots the first year and flowers and fr uit the second. bier n. A horizontal framework with two handles at each end for carrying a corpse to the grave. bigamist n. One who has two spouses at the same time. bigamy n. The crime of marrying any other person while having a legal spouse living. ight n. A slightly receding bay between headlands, formed by a long curve of a coast-line. bilateral adj. Two-sided. bilingual adj. Speaking two languages. biograph n. A bibliographical sketch or notice. biography n. A written account of one’s life, actions, and character. biology n. The science of life or living organisms. biped n. An animal having two feet. birthright n. A privilege or possession into which one is born. bitterness n. Acridity, as to the taste. blase adj. Sated with pleasure. blaspheme v. To indulge in profane oaths. blatant adj. Noisily or offensively loud or clamorous. blaze n. A vivid glowing flame. lazon v. To make widely or generally known. bleak adj. Desolate. blemish n. A mark that mars beauty. blithe adj . Joyous. blithesome adj. Cheerful. blockade n. The shutting up of a town, a frontier, or a line of coast by hostile forces. boatswain n. A subordinate officer of a vessel, who has general charge of the rigging, anchors, etc. bodice n. A women’s ornamental corset-shaped laced waist. bodily adj. Corporeal. boisterous adj. Unchecked merriment or animal spirits. bole n. The trunk or body of a tree. bolero n. A Spanish dance, illustrative of the passion of love, accompanied by caste nets and singing. boll n. A round pod or seed-capsule, as a flax or cotton. bolster v. To support, as something wrong. bomb n. A hollow projectile containing an explosive material. bombard v. To assail with any missile or with abusive speech. bombardier n. A person who has charge of mortars, bombs, and shells. bombast n. Inflated or extravagant language, especially on unimportant subjects. boorish adj. Rude. bore v. To weary by tediousness or dullness. borough n. An incorporated village or town. bosom n. The breast or the upper front of the thorax of a human being, especially of a woman. botanical adj. Connected with the study or cultivation of plants. botanize v. To study plant-life. botany n. The science that treats of plants. bountiful adj. Showing abundance. Bowdlerize v. To expurgate in editing (a literary composition) by omitting words or passages. bowler n. In cricket, the player who delivers the ball. boycott v. To place the products or merchandise of under a ban. brae n. Hillside. braggart n. A vain boaster. brandish v. To wave, shake, or flourish triumphantly or defiantly, as a sword or spear. bravado n. An aggressive display of boldness. bravo interj. Well done. bray n. A loud harsh sound, as the cry of an ass or the blast of a horn. braze v. To make of or ornament with brass. razier n. An open pan or basin for holding live coals. breach n. The violation of official duty, lawful right, or a legal obligation. breaker n. One who trains horses, dogs, etc. breech n. The buttocks. brethren n. pl. Members of a brotherhood, gild, profession, association, or the like. brevity n. Shortness of duration. bric-a-brac n. Objects of curiosity or for decoration. bridle n. The head-harness of a horse consisting of a head-stall, a bit, and the reins. brigade n. A body of troops consisting of two or more regiments. brigadier n. General officer who commands a brigade, ranking between a colonel and a major-general. rigand n. One who lives by robbery and plunder. brimstone n. Sulfur. brine n. Water saturated with salt. bristle n. One of the coarse, stiff hairs of swine: used in brush-making, etc. Britannia n. The United Kingdom of Great Britain. Briticism n. A word, idiom, or phrase characteristic of Great Britain or the British. brittle adj. Fragile. broach v. To mention, for the first time. broadcast adj. Disseminated far and wide. brogan n. A coarse, heavy shoe. brogue n. Any dialectic pronunciation of English, especially that of the Irish people. brokerage n. The business of making sales and purchases for a commission; a broker. romine n. A dark reddish-brown, non-metallic liquid element with a suffocating odor. bronchitis n. Inflammation of the bronchial tubes. bronchus n. Either of the two subdivisions of the trachea conveying air into the lungs. brooch n. An article of jewelry fastened by a hinged pin and hook on the underside. brotherhood n. Spiritual or social fellowship or solidarity. browbeat v. To overwhelm, or attempt to do so, by stern, haughty, or rude address or manner. brusque adj. Somewhat rough or rude in manner or speech. buffoon n. A clown. buffoonery n. Low drollery, coarse jokes, etc. bulbous adj. Of, or pertaining to, or like a bulb. ullock n. An ox. bulrush n. Any one of various tall rush-like plants growing in damp ground or water. bulwark n. Anything that gives security or defense. bumper n. A cup or glass filled to the brim, especially one to be drunk as a toast or health. bumptious adj. Full of offensive and aggressive self-conceit. bungle v. To execute clumsily. buoyancy n. Power or tendency to float on or in a liquid or gas. buoyant adj. Having the power or tendency to float or keep afloat. bureau n. A chest of drawers for clothing, etc. bureaucracy n. Government by departments of men transacting particular branches of public business. urgess n. In colonial times, a member of the lower house of the legislature of Maryland or Virginia. burgher n. An inhabitant, citizen or freeman of a borough burgh, or corporate town. burnish v. To make brilliant or shining. bursar n. A treasurer. bustle v. To hurry. butt v. To strike with or as with the head, or horns. butte n. A conspicuous hill, low mountain, or natural turret, generally isolated. buttress n. Any support or prop. by-law n. A rule or law adopted by an association, a corporation, or the like. cabal n. A number of persons secretly united for effecting by intrigue some private purpose. cabalism n. Superstitious devotion to one’s religion. cabinet n. The body of men constituting the official advisors of the executive head of a nation. cacophony n. A disagreeable, harsh, or discordant sound or combination of sounds or tones. cadaverous adj. Resembling a corpse. cadence n. Rhythmical or measured flow or movement, as in poetry or the time and pace of marching troops. cadenza n. An embellishment or flourish, prepared or improvised, for a solo voice or instrument. caitiff adj. Cowardly. cajole v. To impose on or dupe by flattering speech. cajolery n. Delusive speech. calculable adj. That may be estimated by reckoning. alculus n. A concretion formed in various parts of the body resembling a pebble in hardness. callosity n. The state of being hard and insensible. callow adj. Without experience of the world. calorie n. Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree centigrade. calumny n. Slander. Calvary n. The place where Christ was crucified. Ca lvinism n. The system of doctrine taught by John Calvin. Calvinize v. To teach or imbue with the doctrines of Calvinism. came n. A leaden sash-bar or grooved strip for fastening panes in stained-glass windows. cameo n. Any small engraved or carved work in relief. ampaign n. A complete series of connected military operations. Canaanite n. A member of one of the three tribes that dwelt in the land of Canaan, or western Palestine. canary adj. Of a bright but delicate yellow. candid adj. Straightforward. candor n. The quality of frankness or outspokenness. canine adj. Characteristic of a dog. canon n. Any rule or law. cant v. To talk in a singsong, preaching tone with affected solemnity. cantata n. A choral composition. canto n. One of the divisions of an extended poem. cantonment n. The part of the town or district in which the troops are quartered. capacious adj. Roomy. apillary n. A minute vessel having walls composed of a single layer of cells. capitulate v. To surrender or stipulat e terms. caprice n. A whim. caption n. A heading, as of a chapter, section, document, etc. captious adj. Hypercritical. captivate v. To fascinate, as by excellence. eloquence, or beauty. carcass n. The dead body of an animal. cardiac adj. Pertaining to the heart. cardinal adj. Of prime or special importance. caret n. A sign (^) placed below a line, indicating where omitted words, etc. , should be inserted. caricature n. a picture or description in which natural characteristics are exaggerated or distorted. arnage n. Massacre. carnal adj. Sensual. carnivorous adj. Eating or living on flesh. carouse v. To drink deeply and in boisterous or jovial manner. carrion n. Dead and putrefying flesh. cartilage n. An elastic animal tissue of firm consistence. cartridge n. A charge for a firearm, or for blasting. caste n. The division of society on artificial grounds. castigate v. To punish. casual adj. Accidental, by chance. casualty n. A fatal or serious accident or disaster. cataclysm n. Any o verwhelming flood of water. cataract n. Opacity of the lens of the eye resulting in complete or partial blindness. catastrophe n. Any great and sudden misfortune or calamity. cathode n. The negative pole or electrode of a galvanic battery. Catholicism n. The system, doctrine, and practice of the Roman Catholic Church. catholicity n. Universal prevalence or acceptance. cat-o-nine-tails n. An instrument consisting of nine pieces of cord, formerly used for flogging in the army and navy. caucus n. A private meeting of members of a political party to select candidates. causal adj. Indicating or expressing a cause. caustic adj. Sarcastic and severe. cauterize v. To burn or sear as with a heated iron. cede v. To pass title to. censor n. An official examiner of manuscripts empowered to prohibit their publication. censorious adj. Judging severely or harshly. census n. An official numbering of the people of a country or district. centenary adj. Pertaining to a hundred years or a period of a hundred years. centiliter n. A hundredth of a liter. centimeter n. A length of one hundredth of a meter. centurion n. A captain of a company of one hundred infantry in the ancient Roman army. cereal adj. Pertaining to edible grain or farinaceous seeds. ceremonial adj. Characterized by outward form or ceremony. ceremonious adj. Observant of ritual. cessation n. Discontinuance, as of action or motion. cession n. Surrender, as of possessions or rights. chagrin n. Keen vexation, annoyance, or mortification, as at one’s failures or errors. chameleon adj. Changeable in appearance. chancery n. A court of equity, as distinguished from a common-law court. chaos n. Any condition of which the elements or parts are in utter disorder and confusion. characteristic n. A distinctive feature. characterize v. To describe by distinctive marks or peculiarities. charlatan n. A quack. chasm n. A yawning hollow, as in the earth’s surface. chasten v. To purify by affliction. chastise v. To subject to punitive measures. chastity n. Sexual or moral purity. chateau n. A castle or manor-house. chattel n. Any article of personal property. check v. To hold back. chiffon n. A very thin gauze used for trimmings, evening dress, etc. chivalry n. The knightly system of feudal times with its code, usages and practices. cholera n. An acute epidemic disease. choleric adj. Easily provoked to anger. choral adj. Pertaining to, intended for, or performed by a chorus or choir. Christ n. A title of Jesus christen v. To name in baptism. Christendom n. That part of the world where Christianity is generally professed. chromatic adj. Belonging, relating to, or abounding in color. chronology n. The science that treats of computation of time or of investigation and arrangement of events. chronometer n. A portable timekeeper of the highest attainable precision. cipher v. To calculate arithmetically. (also a noun meaning zero or nothing) circulate v. To disseminate. circumference n. The boundary-line of a circle. circumlocution n. Indirect or roundabout expression. circumnavigate v. To sail quite around. circumscribe v. To confine within bounds. circumspect adj. Showing watchfulness, caution, or careful consideration. citadel n. Any strong fortress. ite v. To refer to specifically. claimant n. One who makes a claim or demand, as of right. clairvoyance n. Intuitive sagacity or perception. clamorous adj. Urgent in complaint or demand. clan n. A tribe. clandestine adj. Surreptitious. clangor n. Clanking or a ringing, as of arms, chains, or bells; clamor. clarify v. To render intelligible. clarion n. A small shrill trump et or bugle. classify v. To arrange in a class or classes on the basis of observed resemblance’s and differences. clearance n. A certificate from the proper authorities that a vessel has complied with the law and may sail. clemency n. Mercy. clement adj. Compassionate. close-hauled adj. Having the sails set for sailing as close to the wind as possible. clothier n. One who makes or sells cloth or clothing. clumsy adj. Awkward of movement. coagulate v. To change into a clot or a jelly, as by heat, by chemical action, or by a ferment. coagulant adj. Producing coagulation. coalescence n. The act or process of coming together so as to form one body, combination, or product. coalition n. Combination in a body or mass. coddle v. To treat as a baby or an invalid. codicil n. A supplement adding to, revoking, or explaining in the body of a will. coerce v. To force. coercion n. Forcible constraint or restraint, moral or physical. coercive adj. Serving or tending to force. cogent adj. Appealing strongly to the reason or conscience. cognate adj. Akin. cognizant adj. Taking notice. cohere v. To stick together. cohesion n. Consistency. cohesive adj. Having the property of consistency. coincide v. To correspond. coincidence n. A circumstance so agreeing with another: often implying accident. coincident adj. Taking place at the same time. collaborate v. To labor or cooperate with another or others, especially in literary or scientific pursuits. collapse v. To cause to shrink, fall in, or fail. ollapsible adj. That may or can collapse. colleague n. An associate in professional employment. collective adj. Consisting of a number of persons or objects considered as gathered into a mass, or sum. collector n. One who makes a collection, as of objects of art, books, or the like. collegian n. A college student. collide v. To meet and strike violently. collier n. One who works in a coal-mine. collision n. Violent contact. colloquial adj. Pertaining or peculiar to common speech as distinguished from literary. colloquialism n. Form of speech used only or chiefly in conversation. colloquy n. Conversation. collusion n. A secret agreement for a wrongful purpose. colossus n. Any strikingly great person or object. comely adj. Handsome. comestible adj. Fit to be eaten. comical adj. Funny. commemorate v. To serve as a remembrance of. commentary n. A series of illustrative or explanatory notes on any important work. commingle v. To blend. commissariat n. The department of an army charged with the provision of its food and water and daily needs. commission v. To empower. commitment n. The act or process of entrusting or consigning for safe-keeping. committal n. The act, fact, or result of committing, or the state of being commodity n. Something that is bought and sold. commotion n. A disturbance or violent agitation. commute v. To put something, especially something less severe, in place of. comparable adj. Fit to be compared. comparative adj. Relative. comparison n. Examination of two or more objects with reference to their likeness or unlikeness. compensate v. To remunerate. competence n. Adequate qualification or capacity. competent adj. Qualified. competitive adj. characterized by rivalry. competitor n. A rival. complacence n. Satisfaction with one’s acts or surroundings. complacent adj. Pleased or satisfied with oneself. complaisance n. Politeness. omplaisant adj. Agreeable. complement v. To make complete. complex adj. Complicated. compliant adj. Yielding. complicate v. To make complex, difficult, or hard to deal with. complication n. An intermingling or combination of things or parts, especially in a perplexing manner. complicity n. Participation or partnership, as in wrong-doing or with a wrong-doer. compliment v. To address or gratify with expressions of delicate praise. component n. A constituent element or part. comport v. To conduct or behave (oneself). composure n. Calmness. comprehensible adj. Intelligible. comprehension n. Ability to know. comprehensive adj. Large in scope or content. compress v. To press together or into smaller space. compressible adj. Capable of being pressed into smaller compass. compression n. Constraint, as by force or authority. comprise v. To consist of. compulsion n. Coercion. compulsory adj. Forced. compunction n. Remorseful feeling. compute v. To ascertain by mathematical calculation. concede v. To surrender. conceit n. Self-flattering opinion. conceive v. To form an idea, mental image or thought of. concerto n. A musical composition. concession n. Anything granted or yielded, or admitted in response to a demand, petition, or claim. conciliate v. To obtain the friendship of. conciliatory adj. Tending to reconcile. conclusive adj. Sufficient to convince or decide. concord n. Harmony. concordance n. Harmony. concur v. To agree. concurrence n. Agreement. concurrent adj. Occurring or acting together. concussion n. A violent shock to some organ by a fall or a sudden blow. condensation n. The act or process of making dense or denser. condense v. To abridge. condescend v. To come down voluntarily to equal terms with inferiors. condolence n. Expression of sympathy with a person in pain, sorrow, or misfortune. conduce v. To bring about. conducive adj. Contributing to an end. onductible adj. Capable of being conducted or transmitted. conduit n. A means for conducting something, particularly a tube, pipe, or passageway for a fluid. confectionery n. The candy collectively that a confectioner makes or sells, as candy. confederacy n. A number of states or persons in compact or league with each other, as for mutual aid. confederate n. One w ho is united with others in a league, compact, or agreement. confer v. To bestow. conferee n. A person with whom another confers. confessor n. A spiritual advisor. confidant n. One to whom secrets are entrusted. confide v. To reveal in trust or confidence. confidence n. The state or feeling of trust in or reliance upon another. confident adj. Assured. confinement n. Restriction within limits or boundaries. confiscate v. To appropriate (private property) as forfeited to the public use or treasury. conflagration n. A great fire, as of many buildings, a forest, or the like. confluence n. The place where streams meet. confluent n. A stream that unites with another. conformance n. The act or state or conforming. conformable adj. Harmonious. conformation n. General structure, form, or outline. conformity n. Correspondence in form, manner, or use. confront v. To encounter, as difficulties or obstacles. ongeal v. To coagulate. congenial adj. Having kindred character or tastes. congest v. To collect into a mass. congregate v. To bring together into a crowd. coniferous adj. Cone-bearing trees. conjecture n. A guess. conjoin v. To unite. conjugal adj. Pertaining to marriage, marital rights, or married persons. conjugate adj. Joined together in pairs. conjugati on n. The state or condition of being joined together. conjunction n. The state of being joined together, or the things so joined. connive v. To be in collusion. connoisseur n. A critical judge of art, especially one with thorough knowledge and sound judgment of art. onnote v. To mean; signify. connubial adj. Pertaining to marriage or matrimony. conquer v. To overcome by force. consanguineous adj. Descended from the same parent or ancestor. conscience n. The faculty in man by which he distinguishes between right and wrong in character and conduct. conscientious adj. Governed by moral standard. conscious adj. Aware that one lives, feels, and thinks. conscript v. To force into military service. consecrate v. To set apart as sacred. consecutive adj. Following in uninterrupted succession. consensus n. A collective unanimous opinion of a number of persons. conservatism n. Tendency to adhere to the existing order of things. conservative adj. Adhering to the existing order of things. conservatory n. An institution for instruction and training in music and declamation. consign v. To entrust. consignee n. A person to whom goods or other property has been entrusted. consignor n. One who entrusts. consistency n. A state of permanence. console v. To comfort. consolidate v. To combine into one body or system. consonance n. The state or quality of being in accord with. consonant adj. Being in agreement or harmony with. consort n. A companion or associate. conspicuous adj. Clearly visible. conspirator n. One who agrees with others to cooperate in accomplishing some unlawful purpose. conspire v. To plot. constable n. An officer whose duty is to maintain the peace. constellation n. An arbitrary assemblage or group of stars. consternation n. Panic. constituency n. The inhabitants or voters in a district represented in a legislative body. constituent n. One who has the right to vote at an election. constrict v. To bind. consul n. An officer appointed to reside in a foreign city, chiefly to represent his country. consulate n. The place in which a consul transacts official business. consummate v. To bring to completion. onsumption n. Gradual destruction, as by burning, eating, etc. , or by using up, wearing out, etc. consumptive adj. Designed for gradual destruction. contagion n. The communication of disease from person to person. contagious adj. Transmitting disease. contaminate v. To pollute. contemplate v. To consider thoughtfully. contemporaneous adj. Living, occurring, or existing at the same time. contemporary adj. Living or existing at the same time. contemptible adj. Worthy of scorn or disdain. contemptuous adj. Disdainful. contender n. One who exerts oneself in opposition or rivalry. contiguity n. Proximity. contiguous adj. Touching or joining at the edge or boundary. continence n. Self-restraint with respect to desires, appetites, and passion. contingency n. Possibility of happening. contingent adj. Not predictable. continuance n. Permanence. continuation n. Prolongation. continuity n. Uninterrupted connection in space, time, operation, or development. continuous adj. Connected, extended, or prolonged without separation or interruption of sequence. contort v. To twist into a misshapen form. contraband n. Trade forbidden by law or treaty. contradiction n. The assertion of the opposite of that which has been said. contradictory adj. Inconsistent with itself. contraposition n. A placing opposite. contravene v. To prevent or obstruct the operation of. contribution n. The act of giving for a common purpose. contributor n. One who gives or furnishes, in common with others, for a common purpose. contrite adj. Broken in spirit because of a sense of sin. contrivance n. The act planning, devising, inventing, or adapting something to or for a special purpose. contrive v. To manage or carry through by some device or scheme. control v. To exercise a directing, restraining, or governing influence over. controller n. One who or that which regulates or directs. ontumacious adj. Rebellious. contumacy n. Contemptuous disregard of the requirements of rightful authority. contuse v. To bruise by a blow, either with or without the breaking of the skin. contusion n. A bruise. convalesce v. To recover after a sickness. convalescence n. The state of progressive restoration to health and strength after the cessation of disease. convale scent adj. Recovering health after sickness. convene v. To summon or cause to assemble. convenience n. Fitness, as of time or place. converge v. To cause to incline and approach nearer together. convergent adj. Tending to one point. conversant adj. Thoroughly informed. conversion n. Change from one state or position to another, or from one form to another. convertible adj. Interchangeable. convex adj. Curving like the segment of the globe or of the surface of a circle. conveyance n. That by which anything is transported. convivial adj. Devoted to feasting, or to good-fellowship in eating or drinking. convolution n. A winding motion. convolve v. To move with a circling or winding motion. convoy n. A protecting force accompanying property in course of transportation. convulse v. To cause spasms in. convulsion n. A violent and abnormal muscular contraction of the body. opious adj. Plenteous. coquette n. A flirt. cornice n. An ornamental molding running round the walls of a room close to the ceiling. cornucopia n. The horn of plenty, symbolizing peace and prosperity. corollary n. A proposition following so obviously from another that it requires little demonstration. coronation n. The act or ceremony of crowning a monarch. coronet n. Inferior crown denoting, according to its form, various degrees of noble rank less than sovereign. corporal adj. Belonging or relating to the body as opposed to the mind. corporate adj. Belonging to a corporation. corporeal adj. Of a material nature; physical. orps n. A number or body of persons in some way associated or acting together. corpse n. A dead body. corpulent adj. Obese. corpuscle n. A minute particle of matter. correlate v. To put in some relation of connection or correspondence. correlative adj. Mutually involving or implying one another. corrigible adj. Capable of reformation. corroborate v. To strengthen, as proof or conviction. corroboration n. Confirmation. corrode v. To ruin or destroy little by little. corrosion n. Gradual decay by crumbling or surface disintegration. corrosive n. That which causes gradual decay by crumbling or surface disintegration. orruptible adj. Open to bribery. corruption n. Loss of purity or integrity. cosmetic adj. Pertaining to the art of beautifying, especially the complexion. cosmic adj. Pertaining to the universe. cosmogony n. A doctrine of creation or of the origin of the universe. cosmography n. The science that describes the universe, including astronomy, geography, and geology. cosmology n. The general science of the universe. cosmopolitan adj. Common to all the world. cosmopolitanism n. A cosmopolitan character. cosmos n. The world or universe considered as a system, perfect in order and arrangement. counter-claim n. A cross-demand alleged by a defendant in his favor against the plaintiff. counteract v. To act in opposition to. counterbalance v. To oppose with an equal force. countercharge v. To accuse in return. counterfeit adj. Made to resemble something else. counterpart n. Something taken with another for the completion of either. countervail v. To offset. counting-house n. A house or office used for transacting business, bookkeeping, correspondence, etc. countryman n. A rustic. courageous adj. Brave. course n. Line of motion or direction. courser n. A fleet and spirited horse. courtesy n. Politeness originating in kindness and exercised habitually. ovenant n. An agreement entered into by two or more persons or parties. covert adj. Concealed, especially for an evil purpose. covey n. A flock of quails or partridges. cower v. To crouch down tremblingly, as through fear or shame. coxswain n. One who steers a rowboat, or one who has charge of a ship’s boat and its crew under an officer. cr ag n. A rugged, rocky projection on a cliff or ledge. cranium n. The skull of an animal, especially that part enclosing the brain. crass adj. Coarse or thick in nature or structure, as opposed to thin or fine. craving n. A vehement desire. creak n. A sharp, harsh, squeaking sound. creamery n. A butter-making establishment. creamy adj. Resembling or containing cream. credence n. Belief. credible adj. Believable. credulous adj. Easily deceived. creed n. A formal summary of fundamental points of religious belief. crematory adj. A place for cremating dead bodies. crevasse n. A deep crack or fissure in the ice of a glacier. crevice n. A small fissure, as between two contiguous surfaces. criterion n. A standard by which to determine the correctness of a judgment or conclusion. critique n. A criticism or critical review. crockery n. Earthenware made from baked clay. crucible n. A trying and purifying test or agency. rusade n. Any concerted movement, vigorously prosecuted, in behalf of an idea or principle. crustacean adj. Pertaining to a division of arthropods, containing lobsters, crabs, crawfish, etc. crustaceous adj. Having a crust-like shell. cryptogram n. Anything written in characters that are secret or so arranged as to have hidden meaning. crystallize v. To bring togethe r or give fixed shape to. cudgel n. A short thick stick used as a club. culinary adj. Of or pertaining to cooking or the kitchen. cull v. To pick or sort out from the rest. culpable adj. Guilty. culprit n. A guilty person. culvert n. Any artificial covered channel for the passage of water through a bank or under a road, canal. cupidity n. Avarice. curable adj. Capable of being remedied or corrected. curator n. A person having charge as of a library or museum. curio n. A piece of bric-a-brac. cursive adj. Writing in which the letters are joined together. cursory adj. Rapid and superficial. curt adj. Concise, compressed, and abrupt in act or expression. curtail v. To cut off or cut short. curtsy n. A downward movement of the body by bending the knees. cycloid adj. Like a circle. cygnet n. A young swan. cynical adj. Exhibiting moral skepticism. cynicism n. Contempt for the opinions of others and of what others value. cynosure n. That to which general interest or attention is directed. daring adj. Brave. darkling adv. Blindly. Darwinism n. The doctrine that natural selection has been the prime cause of evolution of higher forms. dastard n. A base coward. datum n. A premise, starting-point, or given fact. dauntless adj. Fearless. day-man n. A day-laborer. dead-heat n. A race in which two or more competitors come out even, and there is no winner. dearth n. Scarcity, as of something customary, essential ,or desirable. death’s-head n. A human skull as a symbol of death. ebase v. To lower in character or virtue. debatable adj. Subject to contention or dispute. debonair adj. Having gentle or courteous bearing or manner. debut n. A first appearance in society or on the stage. decagon n. A figure with ten sides and ten angles. decagram n. A weight of 10 grams. decaliter n. A liquid and dry measure of 10 liters. decalogue n. The ten comma ndments. Decameron n. A volume consisting of ten parts or books. decameter n. A length of ten meters. decamp v. To leave suddenly or unexpectedly. decapitate v. To behead. decapod adj. Ten-footed or ten-armed. decasyllable n. A line of ten syllables. eceit n. Falsehood. deceitful adj. Fraudulent. deceive v. To mislead by or as by falsehood. decency n. Moral fitness. decent adj. Characterized by propriety of conduct, speech, manners, or dress. deciduous adj. Falling off at maturity as petals after flowering, fruit when ripe, etc. decimal adj. Founded on the number 10. decimate v. To destroy a measurable or large proportion of. decipher v. To find out the true words or meaning of, as something hardly legible. decisive ad. Conclusive. declamation n. A speech recited or intended for recitation from memory in public. declamatory adj. A full and formal style of utterance. eclarative adj. Containing a formal, positive, or explicit statement or affirmation. declension n. The change of endin gs in nouns and adj. to express their different relations of gender. decorate v. To embellish. decorous adj. Suitable for the occasion or circumstances. decoy n. Anything that allures, or is intended to allures into danger or temptation. decrepit adj. Enfeebled, as by old age or some chronic infirmity. dedication n. The voluntary consecration or relinquishment of something to an end or cause. deduce v. To derive or draw as a conclusion by reasoning from given premises or principles. deface v. To mar or disfigure the face or external surface of. defalcate v. To cut off or take away, as a part of something. defamation n. Malicious and groundless injury done to the reputation or good name of another. defame v. To slander. default n. The neglect or omission of a How to cite Sat and Adj, Papers

Sustainability Principles for Regulations -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSustainability Principles for Government Regulations. Answer: Introduction: Sustainability can be defined as the concept that deals with making optimum use of the resources so that it can be retained and the balance can be maintained between the resources and the activities. This is the report that discusses government regulations of Australia and India regarding water and energy sustainability. This is because these are the two resources that are most frequently used by the population. This report also discusses about the role of innovations and non-governmental organizations in maintain the water and energy sustainability in the countries. Government regulation of countries regarding water sustainability: Australia Japan Central Coast Water Corporation Act 2006: It is the Act that deals with sustainability of coast water. There are several other Acts such as: Dams safety Act 1978 Hunter water Act 1991 State water Corporation Act 2005 (Godden, 2005). Waterworks Act: The major Act that has been implemented by the government of Japan. It was the most popular and the older act that was passed by the government of Japan in order to make sustainable and clean water supply to the population. The Basic Environment Law: It is the law that has been passed by the government for sustainability and management of all kinds of resources such as air, water, energy etc. (Fukasaku, 1995). Comprehensive National water Resources Plan: It is the plan that deals with development of water resources by formation of dams and water system that monitors the water quality and quantity. Key scientific research and technological innovation of the country: Australia: As far as the technological advancement is considered, it has been analysed that Australia is not being from Japan in this field. The country is using various technological innovations in order to reuse the waste water generated from the industries. One of the technologies is Membrane bioreactor technology to treat black water. There are still some opportunities available with the country that can be explored in order to get better water resources (State of the Environment 2011 Committee, 2011). Japan: Although the water resources are restricted in Japan but it is still experiencing economic growth because of the management in industrial water usage. This is because of the water saving technology advancement of the country. Japan is using different types of water saving technologies such as membrane technology along with the technologies related to earthquake and leakage prevention. It all results in making the country worlds largest and most efficient in water resource management (hman, 2006). The recovery rate of industrial water so the country is increased by 80%. This suggests that technological advancement in the country is the major strength it has. Role of NGOs and private sector: Australia: Japan: It has been analysed that NGOs and private sector companies are playing a great role in sustainability of water in Australia. NGOs are the local bodies that look for the water supply issues at the place and implement the policies that resolve the issues (Gruber and Brand 1991). Private sector companies are also contributing in technological innovation that has been made in the country for water sustainability. There are many NGOs and private sector companies that are contributing in the water sustainability projects that are run by the government. It has been analysed that some of the NGO's like NPO, ECOPLUS, Renewable energy network etc. are contributing their part in water sustainability projects such as clean water that was conducted in collaboration with U.S. As far as the private companies are concerned, these companies are contributing in providing the technology for managing the water scarcity in the country. Exemplar practices: There are different projects that are being practiced by both the countries as per their water sustainability issues. Some of the projects are: Australia: Japan: Water Loss management in resorts Entertainment venue- investigation base flow Strategic water supply monitoring system Storm water treatment 4?C Aqua Program Darvish Yu water fund Smile by water project JWF fund These are some of the programs and practices that are being conducted in the country in order to sustain water resources for the future generation to come. Government regulation of countries regarding energy sustainability: Australia: Japan: Code of Australia Renewable energy targets Environment protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Clean Energy Regulator Act 2011 (Cleanenergycouncil.org.au., 2017). The Energy Conservation Law It has been established in the year of 1979. It is the law that was established in order to conserve the save the energy. SETSUDEN power saving campaign It is the campaign that deals with power saving of the energy used. Establishment of EE measures Cooperation of EE technology Kyoto achievement plan Key scientific research and technological innovation of the country: Australia: The country is investing a lot in renewable energy agency and clean energy finance corporation in order to develop a new and innovative ways to conserve the energy in the country. The Australian renewable energy agency has invested and supported the government by $3.2 billion in order to develop, demonstrate and commercialize renewable energy. Clean technology and innovation program has also been conducted by the government (Australia.gov.au., 2017). Japan: NEDO is the implementation body that has developed new technological innovation in terms developing energy conservation methods that can be used in the country. Cool Earth is the program that has been conducted in order to develop the technological techniques so that the energy can be saved and conserved in Japan. This program has initiated to improve the power generation plant in the country and also improves the different industrial processes so as to conserve the energy used by them (Fukasaku, 1995). Role of NGOs and private sector: Australia: Japan: In Australia, different NGOs and private companies are contributing their part in sustainability of energy resources by investing some amount of their profits to the clean and technology innovation projects. It has been analysed that through CSR activities, the companies associated with the NGOs to serve the people at the rural areas who are not getting electricity (Evans, Strezov and Evans, 2009). It has been analysed that the demands for energy consumption is increasing day by day especially in the private sector and industrial firms. Thus it is required to identify the opportunities in which the private sector and NGOs can play their part for conservation. All the initiatives that have been taken by the government are circulated to the companies and these companies have the power to make suggestion in regulation of energy use. Even the NGOs in japan and contributing towards this (Department of the Environment and Energy., 2017). Exemplar practices: Japan: Clean energy finance corporation Innovation in clean technology and renewable energy Energy efficiency opportunities program There are many other program that are also conducted and practices in the country in order to save and conserve the energy usage so that sustainable use of resource can be done (Creative, 2017). SETSUDEN Cool Earth program International Partnership for energy Efficiency Cooperation International Renewable Energy Agency These are some of the projects that are initiated in Japan for conservation of energy Comparison: Australia has very different culture and geography than Japan. It is country that is facing issues of water because of the tourists and the major factors that is affecting the resources use of the place is tourism while japan is the place that is facing the industrial pressure and thus the measures to be sustainable in both the countries are different. It cannot be said that japan is better or Australia is better because the government of both countries are facing and overcoming with the issues as per the opportunities and resources available to them. In terms of technology, it has been analysed that Japan is way ahead than Australia. This is because Australia is majorly focusing on membrane filtration method while japan is focusing on many other technologies discussed. NGO contribution for energy and water sustainability is more in japan then Australia. Even fate facing so much of natural calamities, it has been analysed that Japan is experiencing economic growth because of the sust ainability practices the country is using in terms of usage of resources in the optimum manner. Conclusion: The report concludes that water and energy sustainability is the need of hour not for Australia and Japan but for the whole world. This is because the resources are very much scarce and thus it is required by the world to make some of the strategies in order to be sustainable so that the future generation can make use of the natural resources available on earth. Australia and Japan are using some of the technological innovations along with the government policies so as to make their country sustainable in terms of energy and water. References: hman, M., 2006. Government policy and the development of electric vehicles in Japan.Energy Policy,34(4), pp.433-443. Australia.gov.au. (2017).Energy efficiency | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/environment/energy-efficiency [Accessed 10 Oct. 2017]. Cleanenergycouncil.org.au. (2017).Clean Energy Council - Technologies. [online] Available at: https://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/technologies.html [Accessed 10 Oct. 2017]. Creative, S. (2017).Energy Efficiency Council. [online] Eec.org.au. Available at: https://www.eec.org.au/ [Accessed 10 Oct. 2017]. Department of the Environment and Energy. (2017).Department of the Environment and Energy. [online] Available at: https://www.environment.gov.au/energy/efficiency [Accessed 10 Oct. 2017]. Evans, A., Strezov, V. and Evans, T.J., 2009. Assessment of sustainability indicators for renewable energy technologies.Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,13(5), pp.1082-1088. Fukasaku, Y., 1995. Energy and environment policy integration: the case of energy conservation policies and technologies in Japan.Energy policy,23(12), pp.1063-1076. Godden, L., 2005. Water law reform in Australia and South Africa: sustainability, efficiency and social justice.Journal of Environmental Law,17(2), pp.181-205. Gruber, E. and Brand, M., 1991. Promoting energy conservation in small and medium-sized companies.Energy Policy,19(3), pp.279-287. State of the Environment 2011 Committee, 2011. Australia state of the environment 2011in brief. Independent report to the Australian Government Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water.Population and Communities. Canberra: DSEWPaC, pp.p7-8.